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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク transition edge sensor ： ウィキペディア英語版 transition edge sensor A transition edge sensor or TES is a type of cryogenic particle detector that exploits the strongly temperature-dependent resistance of the superconducting phase transition. ==History== The first demonstrations of the superconducting transition's measurement potential appeared in the 1940s, thirty years after Onnes's discovery of superconductivity. D.H. Andrews demonstrated the first transition-edge bolometer, a current-biased tantalum wire which he used to measure an infrared signal. Subsequently he demonstrated a transition-edge calorimeter made of niobium nitride which was used to measure alpha particles.〔D.H. Andrews ''et al.'', "Attenuated superconductors I. For measuring infra-red radiation." ''Rev. Sci. Instrum.'', 13, 281 (1942), 〕 However, the TES detector did not gain popularity for about 50 years, due primarily to the difficulty of signal readout from such a low-impedance system. A second obstacle to the adoption of TES detectors was in achieving stable operation in the narrow superconducting transition region. Joule heating in a current-biased TES can lead to thermal runaway that drives the detector into the normal (non-superconducting) state, a phenomenon known as electrothermal feedback. A solution to the readout problem has been found in superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) which are now designed to pair effectively with the TES detectors. The additional development of voltage-biased operation for TESs〔K.D. Irwin, "An application of electrothermal feedback for high resolution cryogenic particle detection." “Appl. Phys. Lett.'', 66, 1998 (1995), 〕 has facilitated widespread adoption of TES detectors since the late 1990s.〔K. D. Irwin and G. C. Hilton, "Transition-edge sensors," ''Cryogenic Particle Detection'', ed. C. Enss, Springer (2005), 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「transition edge sensor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.